Tuesday, May 17, 2011

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

5) How are sigma and pi bonds formed? Which one is stronger? Why? 
     
     A sigma bond is when two S or P orbitals overlap horizontally. A pi bond is when two P orbitals, that are parallel, overlap. Sigma bonds are stronger, because they have atomic orbitals that have been hybernized. Also, the way the bonds are formed is an important factor; pi bonds allow a space in the middle of the bond, while sigma bonds do not.( See pictures below for a better understanding). The overlap of the orbitals is larger in sigma bonds, so they are harder to split.
Sigma Bond w/ S orbitals

Sigma Bond w/ P orbitals
Pi Bond w/ P orbital



31) This question is from the chpt. 8 review packet, it is number 17. "Explain how a decrease in the vapor pressure of a solution results in an increase in its boiling point."


-Vapor pressure lowers when a solute is added. 
-Fewer solute particles will escape to the liquid's surface.
-The solvent molecules that surround the particles dissolve in the solution, which means that fewer solvent molecules are available to escape to the surface.